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Review
April7, 2025
Angela O.Suen,MD1; Susan S.Jacobs,MS, RN2; Mary R.Kitlowski,BA3; et al Richard D.Branson,MSc, RRT4; Anand S.Iyer,MD, MSPH5,6,7,8
Author Affiliations Article Information
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1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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2Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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3Running On Air, Baltimore, Maryland
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4Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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5Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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6Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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7School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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8Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
JAMA Intern Med. Published online April 7, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0279
- JAMA Internal Medicine Patient Page I Need Supplemental Oxygen—What Should I Know?
Mary R.Kitlowski,BA; Angela O.Suen,MD; Anand S.Iyer,MD, MSPH
JAMA Internal Medicine
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A Person-Centered Approach to Supplemental Oxygen Therapy in the Outpatient Setting
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Abstract
Importance Approximately 1.5 million adults in the US use supplemental oxygen annually in the outpatient setting. However, many do not receive delivery systems that adequately meet their needs, and few receive education about devices or how to maintain independence. This Review summarizes guidelines and evidence on outpatient supplemental oxygen across several cardiopulmonary conditions, highlights evidence gaps where benefits are unclear, and discusses outcomes that inform a person-centered framework for supplemental oxygen therapy.
Observations Most studies of supplemental oxygen have been conducted in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with limited high-quality data in other cardiopulmonary conditions. Data strongly support supplemental oxygen therapy in people with severe resting desaturation (oxygen saturation [SpO2] of 88% or less), with demonstrated improvement in mortality. Whether supplemental oxygen improves symptoms or function in patients with isolated severe exertional desaturation remains inconclusive, prompting an individualized approach and exertional oxygen testing if a patient is mobile and reporting exertional symptoms. Apart from cor pulmonale, evidence does not support supplemental oxygen therapy in patients with moderate resting or exertional desaturation (SpO2 of 89% to 93%). Supplemental oxygen’s broad impact on patient-centered outcomes; the supplemental oxygen landscape of devices, testing, prescription, and delivery; and how to weigh the potential harms vs benefits with patients are summarized. These data inform a person-centered supplemental oxygen framework to help patients minimize loss of independence and improve quality of life across the following domains: (1) health care values and preferences; (2) functional status, mobility, and frailty; (3) cognition and supplemental oxygen education; (4) physical symptoms; (5) psychological and social impact; and (6) caregiver support. Guidance on deimplementation and future directions are also summarized.
Conclusions and Relevance Supplemental oxygen therapy should follow a person-centered approach that empowers patients and caregivers; helps patients improve independence and quality of life by optimizing function, mobility, and social well-being; weighs benefits and burdens; and engages in shared decision-making when the evidence is unclear.
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Pulmonary Medicine Critical Care Medicine Respiratory Failure and Ventilation
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Suen AO, Jacobs SS, Kitlowski MR, Branson RD, Iyer AS. A Person-Centered Approach to Supplemental Oxygen Therapy in the Outpatient Setting: A Review. JAMA Intern Med. Published online April 07, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0279
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